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81709 - 1º Summer School da FFLCH: Schelling's Critique of Hegel

Período da turma:

08/01/2018 a 11/01/2018

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Descrição:

SCHELLING’S CRITIQUE OF HEGEL
F. W. J. Schelling (1775-1854) is one of the major philosophers of German Idealism. In the 1790s he attended the seminary in Tübingen, where he was friends with Hegel and the poet Hölderlin. He gained a professorship in Jena at the age of 25, and in the first years of the nineteenth century he collaborated with Hegel in Jena. However, Hegel famously criticized Schelling’s ‘identity philosophy’, in the ‘Preface’ to the Phenomenology of Spirit (1807), and the two thinkers became estranged. In the final phase of his thought Schelling, in return, developed a powerful critique of Hegel. The lectures which he gave on
arriving at the University of Berlin, in 1841-42, have exercised a profound effect on subsequent philosophy. Marx, Kierkegaard, Rosenzweig, Heidegger and Adorno are among the major figures who
have been influenced by him. This course will consist of four sessions:

Session 1: NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE PHILOSOPHY
Hegel argues that his speculative logic can define the fundamental structures of being. For Schelling, however, an a priori rational science is only ‘negative philosophy’. While it performs a necessary task in
providing a system of categories, it cannot capture the truth of human freedom, and the real happening of history. This task falls to what Schelling calls ‘positive philosophy’.

Session 2: PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION
Hegel thinks that religious consciousness depends on ‘representational thinking (vorstellendes Denken), and that such thinking produces contradictions which can only be resolved by a philosophical, conceptual discourse. By contrast, Schelling regards religious language as an attempt to articulate a disclosure or revelation (essentially, the revelation of freedom) which resists complete conceptual articulation. In his view, reason must try to make sense of a primordial revelation, but revelation cannot be reduced to reason. So Schelling is a forerunner of all those conceptions in twentieth century philosophy, from Heidegger’s Being to the ‘face’ in Levinas, which revolve around a disclosure which cannot be controlled or initiated by the rational subject.

Session 3: PHILOSOPHY AND HISTORY
Although there are many debates about what the ‘end of history’ might mean for Hegel, it is indisputable that Hegel has little philosophical interest in the future. By contrast, Schelling – in his ‘positive philosophy’ – constructs a narrative of the development of human consciousness which is practical and forward-looking. Philosophical understanding points towards a utopian reconciliation which is yet-to-be.

Session 4: THE INFLUENCE OF SCHELLING’S HEGEL-CRITIQUE
In this final session we will examine the influence of Schelling’s critique of Hegel on later thinkers, paying particular attention to Marx’s historical materialism and to Adorno’s Negative Dialectics.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Schelling, História da filosofia moderna (São Paulo: Nova Cultural, 1989), capítulo sobre Hegel (155-178).
Schelling, The Grounding of Positive Philosophy: The Berlin Lectures (Ithaca NY: SUNY Press, 2007)
Schelling, Philosophie der Offenbarung 1841/2, edited by Manfred Frank (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1977)
Peter Dews, ‘Dialectics and the Trancendence of Dialectics: Adorno’s Relation to Schelling’, in British Journal for the History of Philosophy, 22:6, 1180-1207, DOI:10.1080/09608788.2014.992857

Carga Horária:

12 horas

Tipo:

Obrigatória

Vagas oferecidas:

Ministrantes:

Peter Kenneth Dews

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