Disciplina Discipline VCI5701
Técnicas Aplicadas a Investigação em Anatomia
Applied Techniques to Research in Anatomy

Área de Concentração: 10132

Concentration area: 10132

Criação: 12/09/2022

Creation: 12/09/2022

Ativação: 12/09/2022

Activation: 12/09/2022

Nr. de Créditos: 6

Credits: 6

Carga Horária:

Workload:

Docentes Responsáveis:

Professors:

Maria Angélica Miglino

Luciano de Morais Pinto

Rose Elí Grassi Rici

Lucas de Assis Ribeiro

Objetivos:

Fornecer conhecimentos teóricos e práticos sobre as principais Técnicas Anatômicas e imunológicas desenvolvidas nos laboratórios de Anatomia. Treinar os pós-graduandos em técnicas destinadas à investigação cientifica da Anatomia dos Animais Domésticos e Silvestres. Formular e discutir idéias, propostas e conhecimentos básicos e necessários sobre a aplicação das técnicas macro, micro e mesascópicas para testar as diferentes hipóteses formuladas na área. Facilitar a interpretação dos resultados obtidos nas investigações realizadas, e de outra parte propor diferentes métodos de exposição das estruturas anatômicas para o ensino e a pesquisa.

Objectives:

Provide theoretical and practical knowledge about the main Anatomical and Immunological Techniques developed in anatomy laboratories. Train graduate students in techniques aiming scientific research of the Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals. Formulate and discuss basic and necessary ideas, proposals and knowledge about the application of macro-, micro- and mesoscopic techniques to test different hypotheses formulated in the area. Facilitate the interpretation of results obtained in performed investigations , as well as to propose different methods of exposure of anatomical structures for teaching and research.

Justificativa:

As técnicas anatômicas constituem elementos que compõe a estrutura básica imprescindíveis para o estudo e pesquisa. São necessárias para o preparo de material adequado para a pesquisa em Anatomia Descritiva e Aplicada, e ainda para realização de pesquisas científicas dos diversos sistemas orgânicos. Constitui ainda a base para a interpretação de resultados e o desenvolvimento da análise crítica de artigos publicados na área. A utilização de técnicas imunológicas, a exemplo da imuno-histoquímica (com o uso de anticorpos monoclonais), certamente permitem a caracterização e o monitoramento das diversas células e estrutura do organismo animal, proporcionando desta maneira, maior precisão da compreensão da forma e da fisiologia no estudo anatômico.

Rationale:

Anatomical techniques are elements that make up the basic structure essential for study and research. They are necessary for the preparation of suitable material for research in Descriptive and Applied Anatomy, and also for conducting scientific research of the various organic systems. It is also the basis for the interpretation of results and the development of critical analysis of articles published in the area. The use of immunological techniques, such as immunohistochemistry (with the use of monoclonal antibodies), certainly allows the characterization and monitoring of the various cells and structure of the animal organism, thus providing greater accuracy of understanding the form and physiology in the anatomical study.

Conteúdo:

1. Conservação de cadáveres ou de peças isoladas: meios conservadores, conservação em líquidos, conservação em sólidos, mumificação, embalsamento, congelamento, objetivando a pesquisa científica. Análise crítica e interpretativa; 2. Técnicas osteológicas: maceração, desarticulação, clareamento, montagem, parafinização, descalcificação, coloração, diafanização, modelagem de cavidades ósseas e articulares, objetivando a pesquisa científica. Análise crítica e interpretativa; 3. Técnicas vasculares: massa para repleção dos vasos; injeção dos sistemas arterial, venoso, linfático e excretores; dissecção, corrosão, diafanização, objetivando a pesquisa científica. Análise crítica e interpretativa; 4. Técnicas neurológicas: retirada, conservação, preparação e moldes do SNC; coloração de cortes macroscópicos do SNC; impregnação dos nervos, objetivando a pesquisa científica. Análise crítica e interpretativa; 5. Técnicas esplancnológicas: conservação, modelagens, parafinização, montagem, dissociação de musculatura visceral, objetivando a pesquisa científica. Análise crítica e interpretativa; 6. Técnicas estesiológicas: preparo da orelha interna, moldes, diafanização, preparo do globo ocular e anexos, diafanização, objetivando a pesquisa científica. Análise crítica e interpretativa; 7. Técnicas especificas aplicadas à espécies não convencionais.; 8. Imunologia Geral; 9. Introdução ao sistema imune; 10. Células envolvidas na Resposta Imune; 11. Anticorpos e seus receptores; 12. Complexo de Histocompatibilidade Principal; 13. Reconhecimento pelos Anticorpos; 14. Reações imunes mediadas por células; 15. Técnicas imunológicas aplicadas ao estudo da anatomia; 16. Anticorpos policlonais; 17. Anticorpos monoclonais; 18. ELISA; 19. Imuno-coloração de células e tecidos; 20. Imunofluorescência (FITC, etc.); 21. Imuno- microscopia eletrônica (colóide de ouro); 22. Imuno-histoquímica (peroxidase, fosfatase alcalina, ABC, etc.); 23. Utilização de kits para imuno-histoquímica (FITC, PA, FA) em amostras de cortes histológicos.

Content:

1. Conservation of corpses or isolated parts: conservative media, liquid conservation, solids conservation, mummification, embalming, freezing, aiming at scientific research. Critical and interpretive analysis; 2. Osteological techniques: maceration, disarticulation, bleaching, assembly, parafinization, decalcification, staining, diaphanization, modeling of bone and articular cavities, aiming at scientific research. Critical and interpretive analysis; 3. Vascular techniques: mass for vessel repletion; injection of the arterial, venous, lymphatic and excretion systems; dissection, corrosion, diaphanization, aiming at scientific research. Critical and interpretive analysis; 4. Neurological techniques: removal, conservation, preparation and molds of the CNS; staining of macroscopic sections of the CNS; impregnation of nerves, aiming at scientific research. Critical and interpretive analysis; 5. Splancnological techniques: conservation, modeling, paraninization, assembly, dissociation of visceral musculature, aiming at scientific research. Critical and interpretive analysis; 6. Esthesiological techniques: preparation of the inner ear, molds, diaphanization, preparation of the eyeball and attachments, diaphanization, aiming at scientific research. Critical and interpretive analysis; 7. Specific techniques applied to non-conventional species.; 8. General Immunology; 9. Introduction to the immune system; 10. Cells involved in Immune Response; 11. Antibodies and their receptors; 12. Main Histocompatibility Complex; 13. Recognition by Antibodies; 14. Cell-mediated immune reactions; 15. Immunological techniques applied to the study of anatomy; 16. Polyclonal antibodies; 17. Monoclonal antibodies; 18. ELISA; 19. Immuno-staining of cells and tissues; 20. Immunofluorescence (FITC, etc.); 21. Immuno-electron microscopy (gold colloid); 22. Immunohistochemistry (peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, ABC, etc.); 23. Use of immunohistochemistry kits (FITC, PA, AF) in histological section samples.

Forma de Avaliação:

Apresentação de seminário com nota (0-10) determinará o conceito final (A,B,C,R), considerando os respectivos intervalos: 10-9 (A); 8-7 (B); 6-5 (C); 4-0 (R).

Type of Assessment:

Presentation of seminar with grade (0-10) will determine the final concept (A,B, C,R), considering the respective intervals: 10-9 (A); 8-7 (B); 6-5 (C); 4-0 (R).

Bibliografia:

1. BAERES FM, MOLLER M. Plastination of dissected brain specimens and Mulligan-stained sections of the human brain. Eur J Morphol 2001 Dec;39(5):307-11 2. BAPTISTA, C.A.C. et al. Impregnation of biological specimens with resins and elastomers: plastination with Biodur Sio resin. Rev.Bras.Ciênc.Morph., 5 (1): 60-62, 1988. 3. BICKLEY, H.C. et al. An improved method for the preservation of teaching specimens. Arch.Pathol.Lab.Med., 105: 674-676, 1981. 4. BICKLEY, H.C. & TOWNSED, F.M. Preserving biological material by plastination. Curator, 27 (1): 65-73, 1984. 5. BLISCHKA, M. et al. Erfahrunger mit plastiniertern Präparaten im Anatomieunterricht. Acta Anat., 11 (1-2): 256, 1981. 6. BUGGE, J. A standardized plastic injections technique for anatomical purposes. Acta Anat., 54: 177-192, 1963. 7. CONTU, P. Considerações sobre a descalcificação eletrolítica. Arq.Inst.Anat.Fac.Med. Porto Alegre, 3 (3): 67-69, 1959. 8. DAVIES, D.A.L. & BAUGH, V.S.G. Preservation of animals plants by drying from the frozen state. Nature, 177: 657-658, 1956. 9. DUFRESNE A, INFANTE-RIVARD C, MALO JL, GAUTRIN D. Exposure to formaldehyde among animal health students. AIHA J (Fairfax, Va) 2002 Sep-Oct;63(5):647-50. 10. FRANCESCHINI, L.J.; DE CARVALHO, V.C. Exposição ao formaldeído em anatomia: um risco de saúde ocupacional? Rev. Bras. Ciên. Morfol., 10(2): jul./dez., 1993. 11. HAGENS, G. Emulsifying resins for plastinations. Der Präparator, 25 (2): 43-50, 1979. 12. HILDEBRAND, H. Anatomical preparations Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1968. 13. HOSTLER D. Plastination. An innovative approach to preserving anatomical specimens & teaching anatomy to EMS personnel. J Emerg Med Serv JEMS 2001 Dec;26(12):36-43 14. KNEBEL, R. Plastination eines Fisches, eines Herzens und eines Schulterblattpräparates. Der Präparator, 25: 51-56, 1979. 15. REHLE D, LELEUX D, ERDELYI M, TITTEL F, FRASER M, FRIEDFELD S. Ambient formaldehyde detection with a laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in PPLN. Appl Phys B 2001;72(8):947-52. 16. REINBACHER, L. Plastination revolutioniest die Anatomie. Praxis-Kurier, 5 Selecta Verlag, 1982. RODRIGUES, H. Técnicas anatômicas. Ministério da Educação e Cultura, Juiz de Fora, MG 1973. 17. ROMER, A.S.; PARSONS, T.S. Anatomia comparada dos vertebrados. São Paulo, Atheneu, 1985. p. 462. SAEED M, RUFAI AA, ELSAYED SE. Mummification to plastination. Revisited. Saudi Med J 2001 Nov;22(11):956-9. 18. SOFFRITTI M, BELPOGGI F, LAMBERTIN L, LAURIOLA M, PADOVANI M, MALTONI C. Results of long term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002 Dec;982:87-105 19. TIERDEMANN, K. & HAGENS, G. The technique of heart plastination. Anat.Rec., 204: 295-299, 1982. TOMPSETT, D.H. Anatomical techniques. Edinburg and London, 1970. 20. WEIGLEIN AH. Preservation and plastination. Clin Anat 2002 Nov;15(6):445. ABBAS, AK. 2003 Andrew H Lichtman. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 5th ed. Saunders. Philadelphia. 21. CAMPBELL, A.M.. Monoclonal antibody and immunosensor technology. Laboratory techniques in Biochemistry. V. 26. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991. 22. DAVIS, W.C. Monoclonal antibody protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. V. 45. New Jersey: Humana Press, 1995. DELVES, P.J. Antibody applications: essential techniques. Chichester: John Wiley, 1995. 23. ERYL LIDDELL, I.W. Antibody technology. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1995. 24. HOWARD, G.C.; BETHELL, D.R. Basic methods in antibody production and characterization. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001. 25. KIM, J.H. Bioinformatics and genomic medicine. Genet Med, Nov-Dec; 4 (6 Suppl): 62S-5S, 2002. 26. MARTIN, G.M. Some new directions for research on the biology of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci, Jun; 908:1-13, 2000. 27. Feigl, G. C., Litz, R. J., & Marhofer, P. (2020). Anatomy of the brachial plexus and its implications for daily clinical practice: regional anesthesia is applied anatomy. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 45(8), 620-627. 28. Bodon, G., Kiraly, K., Baksa, G., Barany, L., Kiss, M., Hirt, B., ... & Braly, B. (2021). Applied anatomy and surgical technique of the lateral single‐position L5–S1 fusion. Clinical Anatomy, 34(5), 774-784. 29. Lada, E., Anna, M., Patrik, M., Zbynek, T., Miroslav, J., Hynek, M., ... & Vaclav, L. (2020). Porcine liver anatomy applied to biomedicine. Journal of surgical research, 250, 70-79. 30. Humbert, M., Micault, E., Moreau, S., Patron, V., Bois, J., & Hitier, M. (2022). The advantages of modified Thiel technique in head and neck surgical anatomy teaching. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 44(3), 345-352. 31. Vogt, L., Mikó, I., & Bartolomaeus, T. (2022). Anatomy and the type concept in biology show that ontologies must be adapted to the diagnostic needs of research. Journal of biomedical semantics, 13(1), 1-27.

Bibliography:

1. BAERES FM, MOLLER M. Plastination of dissected brain specimens and Mulligan-stained sections of the human brain. Eur J Morphol 2001 Dec;39(5):307-11 2. BAPTISTA, C.A.C. et al. Impregnation of biological specimens with resins and elastomers: plastination with Biodur Sio resin. Rev.Bras.Ciênc.Morph., 5 (1): 60-62, 1988. 3. BICKLEY, H.C. et al. An improved method for the preservation of teaching specimens. Arch.Pathol.Lab.Med., 105: 674-676, 1981. 4. BICKLEY, H.C. & TOWNSED, F.M. Preserving biological material by plastination. Curator, 27 (1): 65-73, 1984. 5. BLISCHKA, M. et al. Erfahrunger mit plastiniertern Präparaten im Anatomieunterricht. Acta Anat., 11 (1-2): 256, 1981. 6. BUGGE, J. A standardized plastic injections technique for anatomical purposes. Acta Anat., 54: 177-192, 1963. 7. CONTU, P. Considerações sobre a descalcificação eletrolítica. Arq.Inst.Anat.Fac.Med. Porto Alegre, 3 (3): 67-69, 1959. 8. DAVIES, D.A.L. & BAUGH, V.S.G. Preservation of animals plants by drying from the frozen state. Nature, 177: 657-658, 1956. 9. DUFRESNE A, INFANTE-RIVARD C, MALO JL, GAUTRIN D. Exposure to formaldehyde among animal health students. AIHA J (Fairfax, Va) 2002 Sep-Oct;63(5):647-50. 10. FRANCESCHINI, L.J.; DE CARVALHO, V.C. Exposição ao formaldeído em anatomia: um risco de saúde ocupacional? Rev. Bras. Ciên. Morfol., 10(2): jul./dez., 1993. 11. HAGENS, G. Emulsifying resins for plastinations. Der Präparator, 25 (2): 43-50, 1979. 12. HILDEBRAND, H. Anatomical preparations Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press, 1968. 13. HOSTLER D. Plastination. An innovative approach to preserving anatomical specimens & teaching anatomy to EMS personnel. J Emerg Med Serv JEMS 2001 Dec;26(12):36-43 14. KNEBEL, R. Plastination eines Fisches, eines Herzens und eines Schulterblattpräparates. Der Präparator, 25: 51-56, 1979. 15. REHLE D, LELEUX D, ERDELYI M, TITTEL F, FRASER M, FRIEDFELD S. Ambient formaldehyde detection with a laser spectrometer based on difference-frequency generation in PPLN. Appl Phys B 2001;72(8):947-52. 16. REINBACHER, L. Plastination revolutioniest die Anatomie. Praxis-Kurier, 5 Selecta Verlag, 1982. RODRIGUES, H. Técnicas anatômicas. Ministério da Educação e Cultura, Juiz de Fora, MG 1973. 17. ROMER, A.S.; PARSONS, T.S. Anatomia comparada dos vertebrados. São Paulo, Atheneu, 1985. p. 462. SAEED M, RUFAI AA, ELSAYED SE. Mummification to plastination. Revisited. Saudi Med J 2001 Nov;22(11):956-9. 18. SOFFRITTI M, BELPOGGI F, LAMBERTIN L, LAURIOLA M, PADOVANI M, MALTONI C. Results of long term experimental studies on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in rats. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2002 Dec;982:87-105 19. TIERDEMANN, K. & HAGENS, G. The technique of heart plastination. Anat.Rec., 204: 295-299, 1982. TOMPSETT, D.H. Anatomical techniques. Edinburg and London, 1970. 20. WEIGLEIN AH. Preservation and plastination. Clin Anat 2002 Nov;15(6):445. ABBAS, AK. 2003 Andrew H Lichtman. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 5th ed. Saunders. Philadelphia. 21. CAMPBELL, A.M.. Monoclonal antibody and immunosensor technology. Laboratory techniques in Biochemistry. V. 26. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991. 22. DAVIS, W.C. Monoclonal antibody protocols. Methods in Molecular Biology. V. 45. New Jersey: Humana Press, 1995. DELVES, P.J. Antibody applications: essential techniques. Chichester: John Wiley, 1995. 23. ERYL LIDDELL, I.W. Antibody technology. Oxford: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1995. 24. HOWARD, G.C.; BETHELL, D.R. Basic methods in antibody production and characterization. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2001. 25. KIM, J.H. Bioinformatics and genomic medicine. Genet Med, Nov-Dec; 4 (6 Suppl): 62S-5S, 2002. 26. MARTIN, G.M. Some new directions for research on the biology of aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci, Jun; 908:1-13, 2000. 27. Feigl, G. C., Litz, R. J., & Marhofer, P. (2020). Anatomy of the brachial plexus and its implications for daily clinical practice: regional anesthesia is applied anatomy. Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, 45(8), 620-627. 28. Bodon, G., Kiraly, K., Baksa, G., Barany, L., Kiss, M., Hirt, B., ... & Braly, B. (2021). Applied anatomy and surgical technique of the lateral single‐position L5–S1 fusion. Clinical Anatomy, 34(5), 774-784. 29. Lada, E., Anna, M., Patrik, M., Zbynek, T., Miroslav, J., Hynek, M., ... & Vaclav, L. (2020). Porcine liver anatomy applied to biomedicine. Journal of surgical research, 250, 70-79. 30. Humbert, M., Micault, E., Moreau, S., Patron, V., Bois, J., & Hitier, M. (2022). The advantages of modified Thiel technique in head and neck surgical anatomy teaching. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 44(3), 345-352. 31. Vogt, L., Mikó, I., & Bartolomaeus, T. (2022). Anatomy and the type concept in biology show that ontologies must be adapted to the diagnostic needs of research. Journal of biomedical semantics, 13(1), 1-27.

Tipo de oferecimento da disciplina:

Presencial

Class type:

Presencial